NCTF 135 HA Near East Horsley, Surrey

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Geology of NCTF 135 HA near East Horsley, Surrey

Rock Formations and Age

The Geology of NCTF 135 HA near East Horsley, Surrey, is characterized by a diverse range of **fossiliferous** sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, which provide valuable information about the region’s geological history.

At the heart of this area lies a complex of *_Metamorphic Rocks_*, primarily comprising *schist* and *gneiss*, formed as a result of high-pressure and temperature conditions during the *_Caledonian Orogeny_* (c. 450-350 million years ago). These rocks were deposited in a ancient oceanic basin, where sediments accumulated under reducing conditions.

Stratigraphically beneath the metamorphic rocks lies a sequence of *_Jurassic_*, *_Cretaceous_*, and *_Tertiary_* sedimentary rocks, including sandstones, shales, and limestones. These rocks were deposited in various marine environments, such as shallow seas, estuaries, and river systems.

Notable rock formations within NCTF 135 HA include the *_Wealden Group_*, a sequence of *_Cretaceous_* sandstones and shales, and the *_Lias_*, a layer of *_Jurassic_* limestone. These rocks are characterized by fossils such as ammonites, belemnites, and bivalves.

The area is also underlain by *_Palaeogene_* basalts, which were erupted from volcanic vents during the late *_Paleocene_* to early *_Miocene_*. These rocks are visible at the surface in some areas and provide evidence of ancient volcanism.

Geologically speaking, NCTF 135 HA is situated within the *_Surrey Basin_*, a large sedimentary basin that formed as a result of tectonic subsidence during the *_Cretaceous_* period. The basin has been subjected to various tectonic events throughout its history, including the *_Caledonian Orogeny_*, which caused the formation of the *_Central Granites_* and *_South Downs_*.

The area’s geology has been influenced by multiple phases of uplift and erosion over millions of years. The *_Lias_* group, for example, was eroded during the *_Cretaceous_* period to form a series of *_scarps_* along the *_Sussex Weald_*, while the *_Palaeogene_* basalts were likely uplifted and exposed as the region subsided.

The overall geology of NCTF 135 HA near East Horsley, Surrey, provides a unique window into the region’s geological history, with its diverse range of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks offering valuable insights into the tectonic evolution of the *_Surrey Basin_* and surrounding regions.

The area under study is characterised by a complex geological history, with rocks dating back to the Jurassic period.

The NCTF 135 HA site near East Horsley, Surrey, falls within a region of complex geological history, with rocks dating back to the Jurassic period. This era saw extensive tectonic activity and sea-level changes that shaped the Earth’s crust.

Geologically, this area is situated in the Purbeck Group, a sequence of Triassic to Early Cretaceous sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The Purbeck Group comprises a diverse array of rock types, including mudstones, sandstones, conglomerates, and limestones, which provide valuable insights into the region’s geological past.

One of the notable features of this area is its exposure to Jurassic-age rocks. These rocks, such as the Wessex Formation and the Corfe Formation, are composed primarily of sedimentary deposits that were formed from ancient marine environments. The presence of these Jurassic rocks in the area highlights the region’s history of tectonic instability during this period.

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The local geology is further complicated by the presence of Cretaceous-age rocks, which include the Bournemouth Formation and the Kimmeridge Clay Group. These rocks are characterized by their high levels of clay content and were deposited in a shallow marine environment.

In addition to these sedimentary rocks, the area also features a number of metamorphic and igneous intrusions, including granitic and gneissic bodies. These rocks provide evidence of tectonic activity during the Caledonian orogeny, which occurred approximately 400 million years ago.

The geology of this region has been shaped by numerous phases of uplift, subsidence, and denudation over millions of years. This complex geological history has resulted in a diverse range of rock types and structures that provide valuable information for understanding the local tectonic evolution.

Further investigation into the geology of NCTF 135 HA is needed to fully appreciate its significance. A detailed analysis of the site’s stratigraphy, structure, and geochemistry would provide valuable insights into the region’s geological history and help to shed light on the processes that have shaped this area over millions of years.

Moreover, the presence of various faults and fractures in the area indicates that it has experienced significant tectonic activity during its geological history. These structures can provide important information about the region’s stress field and the mechanisms that control faulting.

The study of geology in this area will not only help to gain a better understanding of the local geological context but also contribute to the broader understanding of the regional geological evolution. The insights gained from this research will be invaluable for informed decision-making regarding environmental, economic, and social development in the region.

Soil Formation and Erosion

Soil development is influenced by the region’s glacial deposits and subsequent erosion patterns, resulting in varied soil types across the area.

Soil formation and erosion are complex processes that have shaped the landscape over thousands of years.

The region’s glacial deposits play a significant role in determining the type of soil present in an area.

During the last ice age, large volumes of glacial till were deposited across the British Isles, including the Surrey Hills where NCTF 135 HA near East Horsley is located.

The glacial till consists of a mixture of rock debris, soil, and sediment that was transported by the ice and deposited in its final resting place.

As the climate warmed at the end of the last ice age, the glaciers retreated, leaving behind a varied landscape of valleys, hills, and dunes.

The soil development process in this region is influenced by the subsequent erosion patterns, resulting in a diverse range of soil types across the area.

The soil types present in NCTF 135 HA near East Horsley can be broadly categorized into two main groups: glacial drift soils and colluvial soils.

Glacial drift soils are formed from the weathering of glacial till, which has been broken down into smaller particles over time.

These soils tend to be rich in nitrogen and potassium, making them ideal for agriculture.

Colluvial soils, on the other hand, are formed through the erosion of underlying rocks, resulting in a soil that is often more acidic and nutrient-poor.

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The erosive action of rivers, streams, and landslides has played a significant role in shaping the landscape and influencing soil development in this region.

Rivers have carved out valleys and created meanders, while streams have eroded the surrounding hillsides, producing a characteristic landscape of rounded hills and valleys.

Water erosion has also been responsible for shaping the soil types present in NCTF 135 HA near East Horsley, with rivers depositing sediments and silt along their courses.

Furthermore, the wind-derived dunes that are characteristic of this region have played a significant role in shaping the local soil landscape.

The interaction between glacial deposits, erosive forces, and biological processes has resulted in a complex soil profile at NCTF 135 HA near East Horsley.

This profile consists of multiple layers, including soil horizons, each with its own distinct characteristics and properties.

The topography of the area, which is characterized by hills and valleys, has also influenced soil development in this region.

Hill-slope soils tend to be more acidic and nutrient-poor than soils formed on valleysides, where the influence of rivers and streams is greater.

The local geology, including the presence of bedrock and fractured rocks, has also played a significant role in shaping the soil types present in NCTF 135 HA near East Horsley.

Furthermore, the weathering rate of the local rocks has influenced soil development, with more weathered rocks producing soils that are less acidic and nutrient-poor.

In conclusion, the complex interplay between glacial deposits, erosive forces, biological processes, topography, geology, and weathering rate has resulted in a diverse range of soil types across NCTF 135 HA near East Horsley.

Ecological Considerations near East Horsley, Surrey

The NCTF 135 HA is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, reflecting its location within a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) designation by Natural England.

The Natural Capital and Valuation Task Force (NCTF) 135 HA site near East Horsley, Surrey, is a unique and valuable ecosystem that supports an incredible array of flora and fauna, making it an important destination for nature lovers and scientists alike.

As a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) designation by Natural England, the NCTF 135 HA is recognized for its outstanding natural features and biodiversity. This designation highlights the site’s exceptional value in terms of its ecological significance, and efforts are made to protect and conserve it for future generations.

The site is home to a diverse range of flora, including rare and endangered species such as the orchid-rich heathlands, which support a variety of plant life. The heathland’s unique soil composition and acidic conditions create an ideal environment for certain types of plants to thrive, making it an important habitat for many species.

One of the most notable features of the NCTF 135 HA is its rich variety of wildflowers, which bloom throughout the summer months. The site’s heathland is home to a range of plant species, including the iconic bluebells, which are often in high demand for floral arrangements and other purposes. However, conservation efforts aim to ensure that these beautiful flowers continue to thrive in their natural habitat.

The NCTF 135 HA is not just notable for its flora; it also supports an incredible array of fauna. The site’s woodlands provide a home for a range of bird species, including the goshawk, sparrowhawk, and tawny owl, which are all protected by law due to their conservation status.

The NCTF 135 HA is also an important habitat for many invertebrates, such as bees, butterflies, and dragonflies. The site’s woodlands provide a rich source of nectar and pollen for these species, while the heathland’s unique soil composition supports a variety of insects that are found nowhere else on Earth.

The conservation status of the NCTF 135 HA is closely monitored by Natural England, which works to ensure that the site remains protected and preserved for future generations. This involves controlling human impact, managing habitat degradation, and promoting sustainable land use practices throughout the site.

Some of the key ecological considerations in relation to the NCTF 135 HA include:

• Protected species: The NCTF 135 HA is home to a range of protected species, including rare birds, insects, and plants. Efforts are made to conserve these species and prevent habitat degradation.
• Sustainable land use: Natural England works with landowners and other stakeholders to promote sustainable land use practices that minimize human impact on the site’s delicate ecosystem.
• Habitat management: The NCTF 135 HA is managed using a range of techniques, including woodland thinning, heathland burning, and invasive species control. These efforts help to maintain the site’s biodiversity and prevent habitat degradation.
• Climate change: The NCTF 135 HA is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including changes in temperature and precipitation patterns. Natural England works with stakeholders to develop strategies for managing these impacts and protecting the site’s ecosystem.
• Community engagement: The NCTF 135 HA is an important resource for local communities, who can benefit from its natural beauty and recreational opportunities. Efforts are made to engage with local communities and promote a shared sense of ownership and responsibility for the site’s conservation.

The NCTF 135 HA is a unique and valuable ecosystem that supports a wide range of flora and fauna. Through careful management, sustainable land use practices, and community engagement, efforts can be made to protect and conserve this important natural resource for future generations.

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